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“Microplastics” Microplastics are very small pieces of plastic that pollute the environment.   According to the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) microplastics are less than 5mm in length. Other plastics are internationally designed to be small, they are called microbeads. Microbeads are tiny pieces of polyethylene plastic added to health and beauty products. Microplastics are not biodegradable. Microplastics consist of Carbon and Hydrogen atoms bound together in polymer chains. Other chemicals such as Phthalates, Polybrominated biphenyl ethers (PBDE s) and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) are typically also present in microplastics. T There are two types of Microplastics. Ø   Primary Microplastics Ø   Secondary Microplastics There are countless sources of both primary and secondary microplastics. v Primary Microplastics Primary microplastics fibres enter to the environment from t...

“Case hardening” If the food is dried at a temperature that is too high, the outer surface will harden by preventing moisture from escaping from the center of the slice. This is called case hardening. If drying takes place too fast, however “case hardening” will occur. This means that the cells on the outside of the pieces of food give up moisture faster than the cells on the inside. The surface become hard preventing the escape of moisture from the inside. Moisture in the food escapes by evaporating into the air. It can shows you by using a picture as follows. Figure 1-: process of case hardening   So many food can dry using the case hardening process. ·         Ex-:   Fruits-: Apples, pea...